Why I Wrote Damning Petitions Against Acting CJN, CCT Chairman – Agbakoba SAN

• Says Onnoghen must go to save judiciary
•`Buhari declared human rights in Nigeria dead in 2018′

Mr Olisa Agbakoba (SAN), a human rights activist, is a former
President of the Nigerian Bar Association (NBA). In this interview,
Agbakoba speaks on the suspension of the Chief Justice of Nigeria,
Mr. Justice Walter Onnoghen, who is facing assets declaration
charges, by President Muhammadu Buhari and the swearing-in of
Justice Tanko Mohammed as Acting CJN. Specifically, he speaks on
his petition to the National Judicial Council (NJC) to remove the
Acting CJN on the grounds of the breach of the Constitution.

What was your immediate reaction when you heard that
criminal allegations had been filed against the Chief Justice of
Nigeria at the CCT based on false assets declaration?

My reaction was that it was not impossible because corruption in
the judiciary has been a well established fact. So I was not
surprised that allegations have been made against the Chief Justice
of Nigeria. But I was concerned about the procedure, because I know
that the procedure to deal with a judicial officer is different
from that of dealing with that of a public officer.   A
judicial officer has a type of immunity. A judicial officer’s
protection from being removed is in the Constitution and the
protection that the officer has gives him confidence to do his job
without fear or favour. Unfortunately, some judicial officers abuse
the protection. I was worried that the federal government was
making yet the same error that they have been making from the time
they invaded judges’ houses in Abuja. Not because those judges are
not guilty, that was not the issue, but because they cannot go
breaking anybody’s house at 1am. What concerned me was, here we go
again, in a government where President Muhammadu Buhari has
professed to have no respect for human rights; he said so at the
Nigerian Bar Association Annual General Meeting of 2018. Why does
President Buhari not realize that he can’t fight corruption unless
he follows due process? The problem with Onnoghen’s case has got
nothing to do with whether he is corrupt or not. If probably he is
corrupt, he should go and face the music. But the problem is that
President Buhari is destroying the immunity of judicial
officers.

With the allegations that the CJN has huge sum of money
in his accounts both in naira and hard currency, the point has
inevitably been made that Onnoghen is corrupt and the entire
judiciary stinks. What do you think?

I don’t agree. You cannot say Onnoghen is corrupt when the
Constitution presumes him to be innocent until proven otherwise. I
cannot say you are corrupt, or a policeman walks into my door and
says “Mr. Agbakoba, you are corrupt”. You know, for those who don’t
have the constitutional memory, let me quickly restate the law of
presumption of innocence. The law of presumption of innocence is to
safeguard the state from harming you because there are people who
still call upon you in the exercise of what they consider to be
their public duty doing it the wrong way. You may or may not
remember that during the troubled years of the military rule, in
particular under General Abacha and in fact under IBB, they will
come to your house, say you are guilty and if you are not there,
they will carry your wife. So, that’s why due process is necessary.
They cannot see the importance of due process until it happens to
them. Those who say we don’t care about the process that Onoghen is
corrupt, that he has confessed and therefore, overlook the
importance of process, one day, it will happen to them. Even if I
were to be caught shooting a person dead, the policeman can come
and catch me but should not shoot me dead. He must take me through
the process. He must take me to the police station, get me
arrested, take my statement and charge me. I will be allowed to a
defence counsel to make sure I have my say in court, period. So, I
am not interested that Onnoghen is corrupt or not, but I am
interested in every Nigerian is entitled to process.

The question you should ask is “was process followed in his
case?” It wasn’t.   When all those judges were summoned
from their bedroom at night, and taken to court, one of them,
Nganjiwa, went to court and the court restated what the law is,
which has been decided in many cases like that of the NJC Vs
Okpene, an Appeal Court judge, who felt unfairly dismissed. He went
to court and the court outlined the laid down procedure.

What I am telling you now is still why you must always follow
the rule of law. The Senate President, Senator Bukola Saraki, that
is now shouting due process, he was the one that removed the Chief
Judge of Kwara State without due process. He just yanked her out,
went to the House of Assembly and rubberstamped it. Section 292 of
the Constitution states how you can remove the CJN, the Chief Judge
of a state, heads of other courts and officers of the High Court.
It is clear.

So if the President of democratic Nigeria, who had garnered 18
million votes, elected from 2015 to 2019, and has the temerity to
want our votes again, and here he is, destroying the sacred
documents that binds us together, it is like to me, a Catholic
seeing you tearing his Bible. Maybe Christians don’t shout but if
it is a Moslem, it will be different.

When the President is destroying the Constitution that we have,
it is a big issue. Even if you catch me stealing money, you can’t
take me to jail. You must take me to court and also the proper
court that is designated to deal with that type of wrong. That’s
why we have different courts. If President Buhari really wants to
fight corruption, he should have a strategy. His problem is that
there is not a strategy. It is politicized.

Do you know that if he had taken Onnoghen’s case and send a
petition to the NJC and we all see what the petition contains,
that’s the end of the man? But it was not done. He muddled the
entire thing. What seemed to be a simple thing has now turned a
complicated issue. The President or the Attorney General should
have sent the petition to the right authority, and when they don’t
work, you can now say, ‘you see, we sent a petition accusing
Onnoghen on corruption but because he controls the NJC…’, but, mark
me, the NJC or NBA would not have supported Onnoghen. The
President’s action is a dictatorial exercise of power. And one
which I think he designed to weaken Nigeria’s Constitution.

President Buhari seems to have justified his claims that
led to his suspension of the CJN by citing the interpretation Act.
Do you share that view?

We have to ask, what authority does he have to remove the CJN
when the Constitution does not give him any such authority? There’s
no point dragging this argument. The Constitution says you can
remove the CJN if what he has done is reported in a petition sent
to the National Assembly and the National Assembly says “I agree”.
Even though they can’t remove him, they would now send their
agreement report to the President who, at this point, would compel
him to be removed. The framers of Nigeria’s Constitution were aware
not to give power to one person. The way a CJN is appointed and the
way he should be removed is distributed among the three organs of
the government. It is the NJC and the judiciary that
recommends.

What the Constitution did was to avoid making any Nigerian
President a dictator. They distributed power to three organs,
executive, legislature and judiciary.

Then the judiciary itself, in order not to create a judicial
dictator, can’t even control the appointment of its own CJN. The
judiciary cannot say, we are going to make Olisa Agbakoba CJN, but
they can only recommend. And the recommendation goes to the
President. The President himself can’t even appoint. He can only
say “I endorse it”. Then, finally, the Senate will appoint.

Some lawyers have come out to say that no court can stop
people from being arraigned before the CCT. Do you
agree?

I don’t also agree. The case of CCT; it has to be understood
that we have different types of court. To make it simple, there are
two types of courts: Junior court, we call it inferior court in
law, and senior court, we call it superior court. The Constitution
has designated the types of senior courts that we have: The High
Court, the Appeal Court and the Supreme Court. They did not mention
the CCT, and that’s the end of the matter. Every other court,
whether it is the Tax Appeal Tribunal, Investment and Security
Tribunal, the CCT or Magistrate Court, is known as junior or
inferior court. They are not equal. But the problem which the
lawyers have not mentioned, but I may understand why they are not
saying so, is that the same Onnoghen and Saraki promoted CCT to a
superior court wrongly. The Supreme Court can make mistakes and
that was a huge error. Now it has come back to bite him (Onnoghen).
Professor Nwabueze and I wrote a lot of opinions as to why a junior
court cannot become a senior court but the Supreme Court ignored
it. That’s why it is important that the decision that you give
should try to be a correct decision. What they did in the Saraki
case was absolutely wrong but it has now come back to bite
Onnoghen.

There were many cases challenging the arraignment of the
CJN by people who were said to be busybodies. What does this say
about the state of our judiciary?

Nobody is a busybody Every Nigerian cannot be a busybody in
respect of what concerns him. How the country runs concerns
everybody. Every person who votes, pays tax is a responsible
Nigerian who will have interest in how the country is run. Without
getting into too many illegal issues, the days when they say “what
is your own concern or personal interest?”, that type of law has
since gone. My personal interest in whether Onnoghen has been taken
to court is my business. The new word we use now is ‘sufficient
interest’. I have ‘sufficient interest’ as a Nigerian; a Senior
Advocate of Nigeria, a lawyer of 40 years in practice, and a tax
payer to ask a question if I see our Constitution being broken.

Some people say what is happening is more political than
judicial and that it is targeted at the forthcoming elections. What
is your take?

I don’t have any evidence except that I am worried that this
Onnoghen thing seems to be an old issue. Then, why was it suddenly
an issue. But that’s not to excuse Onnoghen for the fact that if he
has been declared as corrupted, but I am worried that a country
that is so inefficient in all arms of government including the
judiciary… Part of why I am disappointed in the legal profession is
that our cases last forever. How can you have confidence when you
come to me and your case is taken for 10 years to clear? The judges
should be ashamed of themselves. The judges should see themselves
as to inspire confidence. The judges and the federal government
should work in a way that gives us confidence.

You have come to Apapa to see how inefficient all the roads are.
Apapa gives the federal government about N2 trillion a year through
the Customs and import taxes, yet the road cannot be fixed in six
months. Here, they can take Onnoghen to court, between Monday and
Friday, he was charged and removed by the Chairman of the CCT who
himself is facing corruption charges. So, why has his case, CCT
Chairman, going to two years? The man who is going to try Onnoghen
is himself facing corruption charges.

For one good reason, I hope there’s not an attempt by somebody
somewhere to make sure that the judiciary is weakened so that the
outcome of the elections might be favourable if they have to be
decided by the court. I hope you know that elections are very
close. If INEC does its vote counting properly, there’s very strong
likelihood that Atiku (opposition PDP candidate) could win. Buhari
has always been strong in the North. For all the elections he has
taken, he has a fanatical followership. That followership is not
fanatical again because Atiku is from the North, Kwankwaso is from
Kano and Tambuwal is from Sokoto. There are big northern players
this time unlike all other elections. He will win the North but not
the way he had been winning. He will lose in the South-East and
South-South but for South-West, it will be ‘touch and
go.’   I can say Buhari might win 60 percent in the
North, Atiku, 30 percent, but North Central, Buhari zero. With all
these, you can’t tell who will win. Politicians are very desperate.
And it is well planned that in case Atiku wins, and the matter goes
to the tribunal, he (Buhari) will control that court. We don’t have
the evidence but that’s what some people are saying.

The federal cabinet has about 12 lawyers who many people
have accused of failing to act in the face of the assault on the
judiciary. Where do you stand?

If you are a lawyer, your oath is to the truth. Even if you are
not a lawyer, as a citizen, whether you are a Christian or a
Moslem, pagan or African religion worshiper, one thing that is
common is that you do not lie. Vice President Osinbajo, who is a
Senior Advocate, is sitting there. I am just wondering if something
is wrong. Can’t he resign? Must he be Vice President? What is
happening today is wrong. There are no two ways about it. Some
public opinion says “eh, the man (Onnoghen) is corrupt, let him
go”, but doesn’t Osibanjo know that it is wrong? Doesn’t Fashola
(Works, Housing and Power Minister) know it is wrong? Doesn’t
Malami (AGF) know it is wrong? All of them are Senior Advocates of
Nigeria. What are they doing there? They should not be there seeing
these things happen.

You wrote a petition to the NJC on the Acting CJN and
another to the NBA on the CCT Chair. Why and what do you hope to
achieve?

My petition is very simple, it says Justice Tanko Mohammed
should not have presented himself to President Buhari to be sworn
in as Acting CJN because there’s a rule in NJC; I was in NJC for
five years, anything that is against the Constitution in relation
to appointments must the with consent of judges, so says the law.
At all times, the NJC recommends the appointment of the CJN and all
other judges in Nigeria. Theodore Orji as governor was quarrelling
with the Chief Justice and he removed his CJ and appointed an
Acting CJ. Tanko Mohammed was in the panel that removed the Acting
Abia State Chief Judge on the grounds of gross misconduct. He
knows. How would he then go to President Buhari who can’t appoint
him? Of course, did the NJC recommend you? No. So my petition to
the NJC is to pay back Tanko on what he did to then-Acting Abia
Chief Judge. That is my petition. I don’t see how the NJC would be
far from Tanko Mohammed’s case when he dealt with then-Acting Abia
State Chief Judge. There is no other way than for him to be
removed.

How do you think we can resolve the current chaos in the
judiciary?

I think what will happen is that Walter Onnoghen has to resign
first, and now find a way of resolving his issues. I think the time
has come for him to consider resigning. Not because he is guilty
but because he may damage the reputation of the judiciary. It is
better for the judiciary to stand than to bring it down because of
one person. For Tanko, I think the NJC should persuade him to also
resign or he will face the consequence. Unlike Onnoghen, he has
contravened the Constitution. What will save the judiciary is for
both of them to step aside and the next person in line takes over.
I am not taking sides with anybody. Mine is just to speak and
that’s what I have been doing for the past 40 years. What I do is
to discus issues from the point of facts. Of course, why I said
that Onnoghen should resign is not because he is guilty but just to
save the judiciary. He still has an opportunity to clear his name.
He can start fighting back to regain his integrity to prove to
Nigerians that he did no wrong. He should resign because if he
doesn’t, the whole thing is likely going to come down on his head.
He should pursue his case and prove himself innocence.

If you meet Buhari today, what will you tell him on the
way out of this impasse especially against the backdrop that he has
been called all sorts of names?

If I meet him today, I will still tell him that he is a tyrant.
He hasn’t changed and he can’t change. Nothing he has done has
shocked me. This is a man that is wicked and he has demonstrated it
severally. At age 76, I don’t think he has anything more to offer
Nigerians. The best thing is for him to go to Daura and retire and
save Nigeria from further decay. That’s what I will tell him.

Culled from vanguardngr