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OTHER NAME(S): Curcuma, Curcuma
aromatica, Curcuma domestica, Curcumae longa, Curcumae Longae
Rhizoma, Curcumin, Curcumine, Curcuminoid… 

Overview Information

Turmeric is a spice that comes from the turmeric plant. It is
commonly used in Asian food. You probably know turmeric as the main
spice in curry. It has a warm, bitter taste and is frequently used
to flavor or color curry powders, mustards, butters, and cheeses.
But the root of turmeric is also used widely to make medicine. It
contains a yellow-colored chemical called curcumin, which is often
used to color foods and cosmetics.

Turmeric is commonly used for conditions involving pain and
inflammation, such as osteoarthritis. It is also used for hay
fever, depression, high cholesterol, a type of liver disease, and
itching. Some people use turmeric for heartburn, thinking and
memory skills, inflammatory bowel disease, stress, and many other
conditions, but there no good scientific evidence to support these
uses.

Don’t confuse turmeric with Javanese turmeric root (Curcuma
zedoaria).

 

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Some experts warn
that turmeric may interfere with the body’s response against
COVID-19. There is no strong data to support this warning. But
there is also no good data to support using turmeric for COVID-19.
Follow healthy lifestyle choices and proven prevention methods
instead.

How does it work?

Turmeric contains the chemical curcumin. Curcumin and other
chemicals in turmeric might decrease swelling (inflammation).
Because of this, turmeric might be beneficial for treating
conditions that involve inflammation.

Uses & Effectiveness?

Possibly Effective for

  • Hay fever. Taking curcumin, a chemical found
    in turmeric, seems to reduce hay fever symptoms such as sneezing,
    itching, runny nose, and congestion.
  • Depression. Most available research shows that
    taking curcumin, a chemical found in turmeric, reduces depression
    symptoms in people already using an antidepressant.
  • High levels of cholesterol or other fats (lipids) in
    the blood (hyperlipidemia).
    Turmeric seems to lower levels
    of blood fats called triglycerides. The effects of turmeric on
    cholesterol levels are conflicting. There are many different
    turmeric products available. It is not known which ones work
    best.
  • Buildup of fat in the liver in people who drink little
    or no alcohol (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or NAFLD).

    Research shows that taking turmeric extract reduces markers of
    liver injury in people who have a liver disease not caused by
    alcohol. It also seems to help prevent the build-up of more fat in
    the liver in people with this condition.
  • Osteoarthritis. Some research shows that
    taking turmeric extracts, alone or in combination with other herbal
    ingredients, can reduce pain and improve function in people with
    knee osteoarthritis. In some research, turmeric worked about as
    well as ibuprofen for reducing osteoarthritis pain. But it does not
    seem to work as well as diclofenac for improving pain and function
    in people with osteoarthritis.
  • Itching. Research suggests that taking
    turmeric by mouth three times daily for 8 weeks reduces itching in
    people with long-term kidney disease. Also, early research suggests
    that taking a specific combination product (C3 Complex, Sami Labs
    LTD) containing curcumin plus black pepper or long pepper daily for
    4 weeks reduces itching severity and improves quality of life in
    people with chronic itching caused by mustard gas.

Possibly Ineffective for

  • Alzheimer disease. Taking turmeric or a
    chemical in turmeric called curcumin doesn’t seem to improve
    symptoms of Alzheimer disease. In fact, some research suggests that
    turmeric may worsen thinking in people with this condition. While
    studies to date have been small and low-quality. the current
    evidence doesn’t support using turmeric for Alzheimer’s
    disease.
  • Stomach ulcers. Some research suggests that
    taking turmeric three times daily for 8 weeks does not improve
    stomach ulcers. Also, taking powdered turmeric four times daily for
    6 weeks seems to be less effective than taking a conventional
    antacid.
  • Skin damage caused by radiation therapy (radiation
    dermatitis).
    Curcumin is a chemical in turmeric. Taking
    curcumin does not seem to prevent skin problems during radiation
    treatment.

Insufficient Evidence for

  • Decline in memory and thinking skills that occurs
    normally with age.
    Curcumin is a chemical in turmeric.
    Some research shows that curcumin can improve memory and attention
    in older adults. Some of these adults showed signs of mild mental
    decline before taking curcumin. But other research shows that
    curcumin does not improve mental function in older people who don’t
    show signs of mental decline.
  • Asthma. Adding turmeric to standard therapy
    for asthma doesn’t seem to improve lung function or reduce most
    asthma symptoms in adults or children. But adding turmeric to usual
    asthma treatment in children may reduce the need for rescue
    inhalers and reduce nighttime awakenings.
  • A blood disorder that reduces levels of protein in the
    blood called hemoglobin (beta-thalassemia).
    People with
    beta-thalassemia may need blood transfusions. This can cause too
    much iron in the blood. Early research shows that taking curcumin,
    a chemical in turmeric, might reduce the amount of iron in the
    blood in people with beta-thalassemia.
  • An adverse skin reaction caused by cancer drug
    treatment (chemotherapy-induced acral erythema).
    Taking
    turmeric doesn’t seem to help prevent this adverse skin reaction in
    people treated with the cancer drug capecitabine. But it might
    reduce how many people have a severe skin reaction.
  • Non-cancerous growths in the large intestine and rectum
    (colorectal adenoma).
    Early research shows that taking a
    turmeric extract does not reduce the number of growths in the
    intestines of people with a condition called familial adenomatous
    polyposis.
  • Colon cancer, rectal cancer. Early research
    suggests that taking a specific product containing turmeric extract
    and Javanese turmeric extract might stabilize some measures of
    colon cancer. There is also early evidence that taking curcumin, a
    chemical found in turmeric, daily for 30 days can reduce the number
    of precancerous glands in the colon of people at high risk of
    cancer.
  • Kidney damage caused by contrast dyes (contrast induced
    nephropathy).
    Curcumin is a chemical in turmeric. Taking
    curcumin does not seem to reduce the risk of this condition in
    people who already have kidney disease.
  • Surgery to improve blood flow to the heart (CABG
    surgery).
    Early research suggests that taking
    curcuminoids, which are chemicals found in turmeric, starting 3
    days before surgery and continuing for 5 days after surgery can
    lower the risk of a heart attack following bypass surgery.
  • A type of inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn
    disease).
    Some evidence suggests that taking curcumin, a
    chemical found in turmeric, daily for one month can reduce bowel
    movements, diarrhea, and stomach pain in people with Crohn
    disease.
  • Diabetes. Early research shows that taking
    turmeric might prevent diabetes in people with prediabetes.
  • Indigestion (dyspepsia). Some research shows
    that taking turmeric by mouth four times daily for 7 days might
    help improve an upset stomach.
  • Muscle soreness caused by exercise. Early
    research suggests that turmeric might reduce muscle soreness after
    exercise.
  • A mild form of gum disease (gingivitis). Early
    research shows that using a turmeric mouthwash is as effective as a
    drug-therapy mouthwash for reducing gum disease and bacteria levels
    in the mouth of people with gingivitis.
  • A digestive tract infection that can lead to ulcers
    (Helicobacter pylori or H.
    pylori). Early research
    suggests that taking turmeric daily for 4 weeks is less effective
    than conventional treatment for eliminating certain bacteria (H.
    pylori) that can cause stomach ulcers. Other research shows that
    taking turmeric along with conventional treatments for eliminating
    these bacteria (H. pylori) does not make the conventional treatment
    more effective. But it may help to reduce stomach upset.
  • A long-term disorder of the large intestines that
    causes stomach pain (irritable bowel syndrome or IBS).

    Some early research shows that taking a turmeric extract daily for
    8 weeks reduces the symptoms of IBS in people with IBS who are
    otherwise healthy. Other early research shows that taking a capsule
    containing turmeric and fennel for 30 days improves pain and
    quality of life in people with IBS.
  • Joint pain. Research shows that taking a
    specific product containing turmeric and other ingredients three
    times daily for 8 weeks reduces the severity of joint pain. But it
    does not appear to help joint stiffness or improve joint
    function.
  • An inflammatory condition that causes rash or sores on
    the skin or mouth (lichen planus).
    Taking a certain
    product containing chemicals found in turmeric three times daily
    for 12 days can reduce skin irritation caused by lichen
    planus.
  • Symptoms of menopause. Curcumin is a chemical
    in turmeric. Some research shows that taking curcumin can reduce
    hot flashes in some postmenopausal women. But it doesn’t seem to
    reduce other symptoms of menopause.
  • A grouping of symptoms that increase the risk of
    diabetes, heart disease, and stroke (metabolic syndrome).

    Early research in people metabolic syndrome shows that taking
    curcumin, a chemical in turmeric, for 2-3 months decreases
    low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) or a type of “bad”
    cholesterol. However, curcumin does not affect weight, blood
    pressure, blood sugar or levels of other lipids in these
    people.
  • Swelling (inflammation) and sores inside the mouth
    (oral mucositis).
    Early research shows that swishing a
    turmeric solution in the mouth six times daily for 6 weeks reduces
    the risk of inflammation in the mouth and/or esophagus caused by
    radiation treatment in people with head and neck cancer.
  • A serious gum infection (periodontitis). In
    people with periodontitis, getting a turmeric chip in addition to
    having teeth deep cleaned below the gumline doesn’t improve plaque
    or gum disease but may lessen attachment loss. In contrast,
    applying turmeric gel in addition to having teeth deep cleaned
    below the gumline doesn’t improve gum disease or attachment loss,
    but may reduce plaque.
  • Pain after surgery. Early research suggests
    that taking curcumin, a chemical found in turmeric, after surgery
    can reduce pain, swelling, fatigue, and the need for pain
    medications.
  • Premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Research shows
    that taking a turmeric extract daily for 7 days before a menstrual
    period and continuing for 3 days after the period ends improves
    pain, mood, and behavior in women with PMS.
  • Prostate cancer. Research suggests that taking
    a formula containing broccoli powder, turmeric powder, pomegranate
    whole fruit powder, and green tea extract three times daily for 6
    months prevents an increase in prostate specific antigen (PSA)
    levels in men with prostate cancer. PSA levels are measured to
    monitor how well prostate cancer treatment is working. However,
    it’s not yet known if this formula, or turmeric alone, reduces the
    risk of prostate cancer progression or recurrence.
  • Scaly, itchy skin (psoriasis). Early research
    shows that applying a turmeric tonic to the scalp improves the
    appearance and symptoms of psoriasis in people with psoriasis on
    the scalp.


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Skin damage caused by radiation therapy (radiation
dermatitis).
Early research in people with head and neck
cancer shows that using a specific cream containing turmeric and
sandalwood oil during radiation therapy reduces frequency and
severity of radiation dermatitis when compared to using baby oil.
Inflammation and damage to the rectum due to radiation
therapy.
Early research in people with rectum damage from
radiation therapy shows that curcumin, a chemical found in
turmeric, doesn’t reduce inflammation of the rectum or bladder.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Early research suggests
that curcumin, a chemical found in turmeric, might reduce some RA
symptoms, including pain, morning stiffness, walking time, and
joint swelling. Other research shows that taking a turmeric product
twice daily reduces RA symptoms better than conventional
medication. But curcumin doesn’t seem to help when used in small
amounts. Stress. Early research shows that taking
turmeric formulated with dietary fiber may reduce stress in
otherwise healthy people. An autoimmune disease that causes
widespread swelling (systemic lupus erythematosus or SLE).

Early research suggests that taking turmeric by mouth three times
daily for 3 months can reduce blood pressure and improve kidney
function in people with kidney inflammation (lupus nephritis)
caused by SLE. Tuberculosis. Early research
suggests that taking a product containing turmeric and Tinospora
cordifolia can reduce bacteria levels, improve wound healing, and
reduce liver toxicity caused by antituberculosis therapy in people
with tuberculosis who are receiving antituberculosis therapy.
A type of inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative
colitis).
Some early research suggests that taking
curcumin, a chemical in turmeric, along with standard therapy for
ulcerative colitis may improve symptoms and increase remission. But
these studies are generally low quality. And when results from
these two studies and another study are analyzed together, turmeric
doesn’t seem to improve remission rates. More higher quality
research is need to determine the role of turmeric in ulcerative
colitis. Swelling (inflammation) of the eye
(uveitis).
Early research suggests that taking curcumin, a
chemical found in turmeric, might improve symptoms of long-term
swelling of the eye. Acne.
Bruising. Diarrhea.
Fibromyalgia. Headache.
Hepatitis. Jaundice.
Liver and gallbladder problems. Menstrual
problems.
Obesity. A painful
mouth disease that reduces one’s ability to open the mouth (oral
submucous fibrosis).
Pain.
Ringworm. Other conditions.

More evidence is needed to rate turmeric for these uses.

Side Effects & Safety

When taken by mouth: Turmeric is LIKELY SAFE when
taken by mouth short-term. Turmeric products that provide up to 8
grams of curcumin daily seem to be safe when used for up to 2
months, and up to 3 grams of turmeric seems to be safe when used
for up to 3 months. Turmeric usually doesn’t cause serious side
effects. Some people can experience mild side effects such as
stomach upset, nausea, dizziness, or diarrhea. These side effects
are more common at higher doses.

When applied to the skin: Turmeric is LIKELY SAFE
when applied to the skin. It is POSSIBLY SAFE when applied
to the skin inside the mouth as a mouthwash.

When applied into the rectum: Turmeric is POSSIBLY
SAFE
when it is used as an enema.

Special Precautions & Warnings:

Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Turmeric is LIKELY
SAFE
when taken by mouth in food amounts during pregnancy or
breast-feeding. However, turmeric is LIKELY UNSAFE when
taken by mouth in medicinal amounts during pregnancy. It might
promote a menstrual period or stimulate the uterus, putting the
pregnancy at risk. Do not take medicinal amounts of turmeric if you
are pregnant. There is not enough reliable information to know if
turmeric is safe to use in medicinal amounts during breast-feeding.
Stay on the safe side and avoid use.

Gallbladder problems: Turmeric can make gallbladder
problems worse. Do not use turmeric if you have gallstones or a
bile duct obstruction.

Bleeding problems: Taking turmeric might slow blood
clotting. This might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding in
people with bleeding disorders.

Diabetes: Curcumin, a chemical in turmeric, might
decrease blood sugar in people with diabetes. Use with caution in
people with diabetes as it might make blood sugar too low.

A stomach disorder called gastroesophageal reflux disease
(GERD)
: Turmeric can cause stomach upset in some people. It
might make stomach problems such as GERD worse. Do not take
turmeric if it worsens symptoms of GERD.

Hormone-sensitive condition such as breast cancer, uterine
cancer, ovarian cancer, endometriosis, or uterine fibroids
:
Turmeric contains a chemical called curcumin, which might act like
the hormone estrogen. In theory, turmeric might make
hormone-sensitive conditions worse. However, some research shows
that turmeric reduces the effects of estrogen in some
hormone-sensitive cancer cells. Therefore, turmeric might have
beneficial effects on hormone-sensitive conditions. Until more is
known, use cautiously if you have a condition that might be made
worse by exposure to hormones.

Infertility: Turmeric might lower testosterone levels and
decrease sperm movement when taken by mouth by men. This might
reduce fertility. Turmeric should be used cautiously by people
trying to have a baby.

Iron deficiency: Taking high amounts of turmeric might
prevent the absorption of iron. Turmeric should be used with
caution in people with iron deficiency.

Liver disease: There is some concern that turmeric can
damage the liver, especially in people who have liver disease.
Don’t use turmeric if you have liver problems.

Surgery: Turmeric might slow blood clotting. It might
cause extra bleeding during and after surgery. Stop using turmeric
at least 2 weeks before a scheduled surgery.

Be cautious with this combination

!

  • Medications that slow blood clotting (Anticoagulant /
    Antiplatelet drugs) interacts with TURMERIC
    Turmeric might slow
    blood clotting. Taking turmeric along with medications that also
    slow clotting might increase the chances of bruising and
    bleeding.Some medications that slow blood clotting include aspirin,
    clopidogrel (Plavix), diclofenac (Voltaren, Cataflam, others),
    ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others), naproxen (Anaprox, Naprosyn,
    others), dalteparin (Fragmin), enoxaparin (Lovenox), heparin,
    warfarin (Coumadin), and others.

Dosing

ADULTS

BY MOUTH:

  • For hay fever. 500 mg of curcumin, a chemical in
    turmeric, has been used daily for 2 months.
  • For depression. 500 mg of curcumin, a chemical in
    turmeric, has been taken twice daily, alone or along with 20 mg of
    fluoxetine daily, for 6-8 weeks.
  • For high levels of cholesterol or other fats (lipids) in the
    blood (hyperlipidemia)
    : 1.4 grams of turmeric extract in two
    divided doses daily for 3 months has been used.
  • For buildup of fat in the liver in people who drink little
    or no alcohol (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or NAFLD)
    : 500
    mg of a product containing 70 mg of curcumin, a chemical in
    turmeric, has been used daily for 8 weeks. Also, 500-mg tablets
    (Meriva, Indena) containing 100 mg curcumin twice daily for 8 weeks
    has also been used.
  • For osteoarthritis: Most often, 500 mg of turmeric
    extract has been taken two to four times daily for 1-3 months.
  • For itching: 1500 mg of turmeric in three divided doses
    daily for 8 weeks has been used. Also, a specific product
    containing turmeric extract (C3 Complex, Sami Labs LTD) plus black
    pepper or long pepper has been used daily for 4 weeks.

CHILDREN

BY MOUTH:

  • For high levels of cholesterol or other fats (lipids) in the
    blood (hyperlipidemia)
    : 1.4 grams of turmeric extract in two
    divided doses daily for 3 months has been used in children at least
    15 years-old.

Description/Taste

White Turmeric root resembles ginger in its shape and size. Each
rhizome, or underground stem, is multi-branched with nearly
transparent, pale-brown skin that will darken with maturity. Each
rhizome and off-shoot can measure anywhere from 5 to 12 centimeters
long. The flesh is a pale ivory to light yellow and has an aroma
that combines unripe, green mangos and ginger with the earthiness
of a carrot. White Turmeric root has a bitter flavor and has a mild
pungency very similar to ginger.

Seasons/Availability

White Turmeric root is available in the spring and through the
fall months.

Current Facts

White Turmeric root, also commonly referred to as Zedoary, is
scientifically classified as Curcuma zedoaria. It is the
subterranean stem of a tall, lance-bladed tropical flowering plant
In Hindi, it is called Amba Haldi, which translates to “mango
turmeric” referring to its camphorus, green mango aroma. The roots
are well-known in Indonesia and India, as Shoti, where they are
cultivated and used for both medicinal and culinary purposes.

Nutritional Value

White Turmeric root is a good source of starch and therefore
energy. The root contains volatile oils which offer medicinal
benefits. The oils contain curcumin, a powerful anti-inflammatory,
and other compounds that provide antimicrobial, antifungal,
antiulcer, antivenom and anticancer benefits.

Applications

White Turmeric root is used in its raw form as well as in
powdered form. In India, fresh “Mango ginger” is washed and peeled
and then cut or sliced into strips and pickled or sliced into thin
rounds and served atop green salads. In Indonesia, White Turmeric
is cut into pieces and dehydrated, oven or air-dried and powdered
for use as a dried spice. In larger quantities, the powder is used
as a substitute for arrowroot or barley. In Thailand, young roots
are used as a vegetable and in curry pastes. Fresh White Turmeric
can be stored in the refrigerator for up to 2 weeks. The peeled
root can be frozen for up to 6 months.

Ethnic/Cultural Info

White Turmeric root has been used in Traditional Chinese
Medicine and Ayurvedic medicine for centuries. The root is juiced
and used as a blood purifier, as an anti-poison, and a treatment
for colic and other digestive disorders. In addition to its use as
an ethnomedicinal plant, Amba Haldi is cultivated for use in baby
food, perfumes and skincare products.

Geography/History

White Turmeric root is believed to be native to the Himalayan
region of northeastern India. Cultivation of the beneficial plant
dates to ancient civilization. It was brought to Europe by Arabic
traders and explorers along the spice routes. Today, White Turmeric
is grown in northern and western India, . They can be found in
specialty markets and in sub-tropical and tropical areas.

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