Bird Flu Hits Kano, Kaduna, 5 Other Nigerian States

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The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), said that Kano,
Plateau, Bauchi, Gombe, Nasarawa, Kaduna and Niger States have
reported confirmed human cases of Avian Influenza H5N1 also called
“Bird flu.”

The NCDC Director General, Dr Chikwe Ihekweazu, made this known
in an interview with News Agency of Nigeria (NAN), on Tuesday in
Abuja, while providing highlights of the epidemiological situation
and response activities in Nigeria.

NAN reports that Avian Influenza is strains of the influenza
virus that primarily infect birds, but can also infect humans.

This type of flu is most often contracted by contact with sick
birds, and can also be passed from person to person.

It spreads by airborne respiratory droplets (coughs or
sneezes).

Symptoms begin within two to eight days and are like the common
flu. Cough, fever, sore throat, muscle aches, headache and
shortness of breath may occur.

Ihekweazu said as of March 24, 2021, the seven states reported
outbreaks of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) cases (H5N1)
in poultries.

“Health National Rapid Response Team (RRT) from NCDC and the
Federal Ministry of Agriculture were deployed to Bauchi, Kano and
Plateau States.

“A total of 83 human samples were received and 64 (87.7 per
cent) samples were tested.

“Of the tested samples, seven (10.9 per cent) were positive for
Flu A, six 85.7 per cent were subtype A/H5 while one 14.3 per cent
was unsub-typable,” he explained.

The NCDC boss said official notification about the outbreak had
been conveyed to the World Health Organisation (WHO) as required by
the International Health Regulations (IHR).

He added that an official report had also been sent to the
authorities at both the Federal level and the affected states.

“Avian influenza outbreak Emergency Operations Centre (EOC) at
level 1 has been activated at national and in two states (Plateau
and Gombe).

“Seven confirmed samples have been shipped to the WHO
Collaborating Centre (WHO-CC) in the United States (US) for further
characterisation,” he noted.

Response activities

Speaking on the response activities, he said the second session
of EOC had been conducted with a review of the outbreak situation,
response Terms of Reference (TORs) and Incident Actions Plan
(IAPs).

“Seven states: Kano, Plateau, Bauchi, Gombe, Kaduna, Nasarawa
and Niger States have confirmed cases of Avian Influenza among
poultry.

“Two states have reported seven cases among humans – Kano four
and Plateau three.

“Only Kano, Plateau, Bauchi and Gombe States have had human
contacts of birds followed up,” he said.

According to him, of the 83 contacts reported, 27 contacts are
from three Local Government Areas (LGAs); Nasarawa, Ungogo and
Gwale in Kano State.

The others are 18 contacts from two LGAs (Jos North and South)
in Plateau; 19 contacts from two LGAs (Bauchi and Toro) in Bauchi
State, and 19 contacts from three LGAs (Kaltungo, Yamaltu Deba and
Gombe) in Gombe State.

Ihekweazu stated that all contacts were farmers, farmworkers,
bird handlers and traders, adding that the contacts were still
asymptomatic except one who presented catarrh.

“A total of 83 humans nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal samples have
been collected from contacts of confirmed birds in four states:
Kano (27), Plateau (18), Bauchi (19) and Gombe (19).

“A total of 13 blood samples have also been collected from the
very-close contacts (human) of the birds in three states: Plateau
(3), Bauchi (5), and Gombe (5).

“Of 83 human samples collected, 64 (87.7 per cent) samples were
analysed using Real-time Reverse transcription-polymerase chain
reaction (RT-PCR). Of 64 samples analysed, only 7 (10.9 per cent)
were positive for Flu A.

“Of the seven samples positive for Flu A, only six “85.7 per
cent “were positive for A/H5 while one (14.3 per cent) was
unsubtypable.

“All seven positive samples have been shipped to WHO
Coordinating centre for further lab analysis,” he said.

NAN reports that Nigeria was the first country to report human
cases of A/H5N1 in the West African Region one year after the first
A(H5N1) outbreak in poultry was reported in the country.

The only human case of Avian Influenza in Nigeria was detected
in Lagos State in January 2007.

It was officially reported on the 17th of February, 2007, and by
the end of the year 2006, 26 farms had been affected by Avian flu
in Lagos State. (NAN)